|
She must have been a beautiful baby The Black Hills gold rush was paralleled by gold and silver discoveries in the mountains of Colorado Territory that drew fortune seekers to Central City, Cripple Creek and Leadville -- mining camps where soiled doves perfected the finer techniques of pillaging a prospector’s poke. Horace Tabor and his wife Augusta (the first woman in Colorado’s California Gulch) left their Kansas farm in 1860 to join the rush to the Rockies. Eighteen years later, by grubstaking two prospectors from his Leadville store, he established the basis for a multi-million dollar fortune. The famous Matchless Mine with a $2,000 daily production was among Tabor’s many mining interests. By 1880 Tabor was involved in a scandalous love triangle that shocked the nation. The liaison of Baby Doe and Horace Tabor became a saga of love and romance, boom and bust, politics and financial wheeling and dealing, leading from Leadville to Washington, D. C. and back. As a high-spirited teenager , Elizabeth McCourt, fourth of 11 children born to prosperous Irish Catholic parents, was known as the "Belle of Oshkosh" in her Wisconsin hometown. At the age of 22 she married the son of a man with ownership interests in a Colorado gold mine.His father offered his mining interests to William Harvey Doe, Jr. and his bride if they would develop and work the Fourth of July mine in Central City. Soon after moving west, the new Mrs. Doe discovered married life wasn’t the exciting adventure she had imagined. The low grade gold mine didn’t produce enough income to support them; her ne’er-do-well husband drifted from town to town and job to job, spending much of his time in bars. In no condition for physical labor, the pregnant young wife made a desperate attempt to improve their financial state. She put on overalls and started sinking a mining shaft. Other miners began referring to her as a "beautiful baby" and stories about Baby Doe spread through Colorado mining camps. The sympathetic proprietor of a dry goods store became her benefactor and protector. Jacob Sandelowsky paid the medical bills when Baby Doe gave birth to a stillborn son in July 1879. Within the year Baby Doe filed for divorce, charging Harvey with adultery. Her divorce affidavit stated:
One might wonder why she was so conveniently accompanied by a police officer when she walked to Denver’s red light district, stopping across the street just as her husband entered the bordello. Could it have been a "coincidence" arranged by Horace Tabor, part owner of the elegant Windsor Hotel where Baby Doe was staying? He claimed his first contact with the beautiful Baby was a chance meeting in March 1880 when he and business partner Bill Bush went to the Saddle Rock café in Leadville. It seems probable they were well acquainted before that time. The actual date of their meeting is a moot point. Married to the somber Augusta, Horace was instantly captivated by the vivacious lady a newspaper extolled as "the handsomest woman in Colorado." She was described as young and well-proportioned "with a complexion so clear it reminds one of rose blush mingling with the pure white lily; a great wealth of light blondish brown hair, large dreamy blue eyes, and a shoulder and bust that no other Colorado Venus can compare with." The enthralled Tabor, Colorado’s lieutenant governor at the time, gave Baby Doe $5,000 to pay off her debts to her storeowner friend and buy whatever she needed. He installed her in a suite at Central City’s Clarendon Hotel where a convenient second story passageway led directly to his private upstairs office suite at the Tabor Opera House. The discreet affair didn’t remain a secret for long. . In July 1880 Horace moved out of his home and asked Augusta for a divorce. Undeterred by Augusta’s refusal, he arranged a bogus divorce through a judge he knew in Durango. He and Baby Doe were secretly married by a justice of the peace in St. Louis in September of 1882.Newpapers exposed the fraudulent divorce and subsequent St. Louis marriage during Tabor’s run for a Senate seat in late 1882. Intimidated by Tabor’s business partner Bill Bush, Augusta finally agreed to a divorce on January 2, 1883. She took her generous divorce settlement to Pasadena, California, where she died on February 1, 1895. A Catholic priest performed a second wedding ceremony on March 1, 1883, at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D. C., while Tabor was serving a 30-day term in Henry Teller’s vacated senate seat. Wedding guest President Chester A. Arthur said, "I have never seen a more beautiful bride." The radiant Baby Doe wore a $7,000 gown and a $90,000 diamond necklace, gifts from her enamoured groom. The Tabors returned to Denver and had two daughters, Lillie and Rose Mary, known as Silver. As the wife of Colorado’s Silver King, Baby Doe lived extravagantly – for a few years at least. Horace built her an ornate Italian villa-styled mansion and provided all the accouterments of luxurious living -- elaborate wardrobe, priceless jewels and impressive carriages. He proudly commissioned five oil portraits of the beautiful wife 25 years his junior. Their lavish lifestyle ended with the Silver Crash. Tabor’s mine holdings became worthless and his numerous other investments failed. Mansion and furnishings, jewelry and carriages were sold at auction and the family moved into a small hotel room. Once one of the richest men in the nation, the 65-year-old Tabor was reduced to hauling slag from Leadville mines for $3 a day. He was appointed postmaster of Denver just a year before he died from appendicitis on April 10, 1899, leaving his wife and daughters destitute. For a short time Baby Doe and her daughters lived with relatives in Chicago. Lillie remained in Chicago; Baby Doe and Silver returned to Leadville. Silver, unable to cope with her impoverished circumstances, sought solace in alcohol and drugs. She lived with an assortment of men in Leadville, Denver and Chicago where she was murdered in 1925. The previously pampered Baby Doe spent her remaining years living in a dilapidated tool shed at the inoperative Matchless Mine. With no source of income, she was dependent on the generosity of creditors and friends for bare necessities. Unable to buy shoes, she wrapped her feet in gunnysacks tied with twine. After a severe blizzard Leadville neighbors noticed there was no smoke coming from the small shack at the Matchless. On March 7, 1935, Baby Doe’s frozen body was found on the floor of the tiny cabin where she had lived in seclusion for 36 years, fighting to regain possession of the Matchless and the wealth she had once known. Trunks and gunnysacks in storage in Denver and at St. Vincent's Hospital in Leadville contained all that was left of the magnificent Tabor fortune. Among the forlorn reminders of a sumptuous life were several bolts of ornate cloth, a few pieces of china, a tea service and some jewelry, including a diamond and sapphire ring and the famous watch fob and chain given Horace Tabor at the opening of the $700,000 Tabor Opera House. There are still questions about the legality of the divorces and marriages of Horace Tabor and Elizabeth Doe, all of which occurred between 1880 and 1883. Evaluated later by a judge and several attorneys, the legal consensus was that the second divorce of Horace and Augusta was also invalid. Researchers have discovered papers to finalize the divorce of Elizabeth and Harvey Doe were filed in 1886 – three years after Horace and Baby Doe exchanged wedding vows for the second time. The Catholic priest who performed the Willard Hotel ceremony was outraged when newspapers exposed Horace and Augusta’s bogus first divorce, questionable 1883 Denver divorce, and the secret St. Louis marriage of Horace and Baby Doe. Two days after the wedding the priest returned the $200 Horace had given him and refused to enter the marriage in church records. The question of whether Horace and Baby Doe were ever legally married may never be answered. But whatever her marital status, Baby Doe Tabor epitomized the tribute Horace paid to her. "You’re always so gay and laughing, and yet you’re so brave," he said. Baby Doe Tabor is not forgotten in Central City. A summer opera staged at the Tabor Opera House relates the dramatic story of her life.
|
Deadwood Magazine © 2004
These pages are designed and
hosted at:
Altaire Enterprises, Inc.
Quality Internet service in the Northern Black Hills of South Dakota